Today, take an international flight to Hong Kong and transfer to a MIAT Mongolian Airlines flight to Mongolia’s capital, Ulaanbaatar. Formerly known as Urga, Ulaanbaatar is located in the central part of the Mongolian Plateau. With a population of approximately 1 million (as of April 2007) and an area of 4,704 square kilometers, it is the largest city in Mongolia as well as its political and transportation center. In 1924, the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party overthrew the rule of princes and the Living Buddha, gaining independence from the Republic of China and establishing the Mongolian People’s Republic. The city was renamed Ulaanbaatar and designated as the capital. “Ulaanbaatar” means “Red Hero” in Mongolian. The city maintains sister-city relationships with Taipei, Tianjin, and Seoul. Ulaanbaatar has a notably young population, with around 70% under the age of 30, earning it the nickname “the youngest city in the world.” Upon arrival, transfer to the hotel for check-in. Meals: Breakfast / on your own Lunch / in-flight light meal Dinner / Mongolian-style cuisine Accommodation: Novotel Ulaanbaatar or similar

Sukhbaatar Square This central square is a major venue for public gatherings, large concerts, and national parade starting points. It is surrounded by important landmarks such as the Central Post Office, Stock Exchange, National History Museum, Parliament House, Ministry of Culture, and the State Ballet Theatre. It is considered the most beautiful square in Ulaanbaatar. Chinggis Khaan National Museum Opened in 2022, the museum covers a total area of 20,500 square meters and has nine floors. It meets international standards and integrates research, education, and public engagement. The museum presents the history of Mongolian khans from the Xiongnu period to the abdication of the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. It houses around 12,000 valuable artifacts and features 15 permanent exhibition halls. Zaisan Memorial Located on a hill south of the city, this memorial honors Soviet soldiers who died in the 1939 Battle of Khalkhin Gol. From here, visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of Ulaanbaatar. The circular mural depicts historical battles and events, reminding people of the value of freedom and peace. Bogd Khan Winter Palace Situated in the southern part of Ulaanbaatar, this was the winter residence of the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the last king of Mongolia. It is also Mongolia’s first two-story building. The interior remains preserved in its original condition, showcasing valuable collections such as thangka paintings, Buddhist statues, and religious artifacts, many of which are over a century old. Mongolian Traditional Performance A must-see cultural experience featuring throat singing, contortion, and morin khuur (horsehead fiddle) performances—representing the essence of Mongolian traditional arts. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Nomadic-style traditional cuisine Dinner: Mongolian or Chinese cuisine Accommodation: Novotel Ulaanbaatar or similar (or 5-star options such as The Blue Sky Hotel and Tower / Best Western Premier Tuushin Hotel)

In the morning, visit Gandan Monastery and the State Department Store. After lunch, transfer to the railway station and board the Trans-Siberian international train No. 305 (15:22 / 14:55+1) to Irkutsk. Overnight on the train. Gandan Monastery The largest and most important Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, once serving as the country’s religious and political center. Built in 1838, the original Avalokitesvara statue was destroyed during the communist period. The current statue, completed in 1996, stands 26 meters tall and was constructed using 40 tons of bronze and 16 tons of gold. Before leaving, visitors often purchase a blue хадаг (ceremonial scarf) as a symbol of good fortune and a meaningful souvenir. State Department Store The largest shopping center in Ulaanbaatar for souvenirs. The 5th floor features souvenir shops and cashmere boutiques, which are highlights for visitors. On the ground floor, the supermarket offers famous Mongolian vodka and Russian caviar—ideal for purchasing gifts to bring home. Important Notice – Mongolia–Russia Border Crossing: • Sukhbaatar (Mongolia border): The train stops for حوالي 1–2 hours. Mongolian immigration officers board the train to check passports and visas. After stamping, passports are returned. The journey continues once the Mongolian locomotive is reattached. • Naushki (Russia border): The train stops for approximately 3–4 hours. Russian immigration and customs officers board the train to inspect visas, temporarily collect passports, and check luggage. Sniffer dogs may be used for inspections. The journey resumes after the Russian locomotive is connected. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel breakfast Lunch: Chinese cuisine Dinner: Train meal box Accommodation: Overnight on train (2-person cabin)

Irkutsk is often referred to as the “Paris of the East” and the “Pearl of Siberia.” It is one of the cities in Siberia with the largest number of historic buildings. This charming city, with a population of around 600,000, is located along the Angara River, about 30 km north of the southern tip of Lake Baikal. Founded in 1662 by Russian Cossacks, Irkutsk was historically an important transit point between Mongolia, China, and Russia. Along Gagarin Boulevard, you can see landmarks such as the statue of Tsar Alexander III, the White House, the Regional History Museum, and various churches. Kirov Square Located in the city center, this elegant square features fountains, flowerbeds, and trees. Surrounding landmarks include the Regional Government Building, Duma, Epiphany Cathedral, Polish Catholic Church, Spasskaya Church, the Victory Memorial Wall, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and the “Lovers’ Bridge.” Church of the Savior (Spasskaya Church) Built in 1775, it is one of the oldest stone churches in Irkutsk. It was damaged during the Soviet era and religious activities were prohibited at that time. After the fall of the Soviet Union, religious services resumed. Nearby stands the Moscow Gate, originally built in 1811 and reconstructed for the city’s 350th anniversary. The nearby statue of a Cossack honors Yakov Pokhabov for his contributions to the founding of Irkutsk. Shastin House (House of Europe) Irkutsk is known for its beautifully decorated wooden houses, earning it the nickname “Paris of Siberia.” The Shastin House, now called the House of Europe, is a prime example. Its intricate window frames, carvings, and craftsmanship are truly impressive. However, many of these traditional wooden houses are gradually disappearing over time. Meals: Breakfast: Train meal box or meal allowance Lunch: Train meal box or meal allowance Dinner: Russian-style cuisine Accommodation:

Central Market A lively local market filled with a wide variety of seafood. You may even see large barrels of red caviar being sold. It’s a great place to shop for souvenirs such as chocolate, tea, and local specialties. Buryat Village + Mongolian Folk Dance Located about 70 km from Irkutsk, this traditional Buryat village offers insight into local legends, shaman rituals, and ethnic culture. You will also have the opportunity to enjoy a Buryat-style meal and watch traditional Mongolian folk dance performances. Continue the journey to the ferry terminal on the western shore of Lake Baikal, where you will cross by ferry to Olkhon Island. This short crossing feels like a transition between modern civilization and a traditional way of life. Looking into the lake, you’ll notice its legendary crystal-clear water. Upon arrival, you can freely explore and take photos around the sacred rock formations—one of the most iconic landscapes frequently featured in Irkutsk tourism materials. After check-in, enjoy dinner at the hotel and take a relaxing evening walk, experiencing the peaceful Siberian countryside atmosphere. Ust-Orda National Museum Established in 1944 and granted national museum status in 1995, this museum is housed in a traditional 1930s building. It showcases the history, culture, and religious beliefs of the Buryat people from ancient times to the present. Outside, there is also a reconstructed Buryat farm from the late 19th to early 20th century. Olkhon Island Known as the “heart” of Lake Baikal, Olkhon is the largest of the lake’s 22 islands, measuring about 71 km in length and up to 15 km in width, with an area of over 700 square kilometers. It has a population of around 1,800, mostly Buryats. The island features pristine natural landscapes and is considered a spiritual center of shamanism, famous for its unique sacred rock formations. Historically, it served as a refuge for shamans, including during the time of Genghis Khan. Even today, traditional shaman rituals and offerings are still practiced on the island and along the shores of Lake Baikal. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel breakfast Lunch: Buryat-style cuisine (dumplings) Dinner: Russian-style cuisine Accommodation: Baikal View Hotel or Baikal Wood Hotel or similar Remarks: 1. Transportation from the ferry terminal to Olkhon Island may vary depending on ice conditions in winter. Options include hovercraft or the classic 4WD UAZ-452 van (nicknamed “Bukhanka” or “bread van”), a widely used and iconic vehicle in Russia since the 1960s and still in operation today. 2. The appearance and color of the ice vary depending on weather and temperature conditions. The itinerary may be adjusted accordingly based on local arrangements.

Early in the morning, enjoy sunrise photography. Then head to the northernmost point of Olkhon Island—Cape Khoboy. Along the way, pass by scenic spots such as Harantsy, Crocodile Island, Face Rock, and the Three Brothers Rock. Upon arrival, take photos of the famous blue ice formations (if weather conditions are unfavorable, the itinerary may be adjusted to photograph ice cracks in the southern “Little Sea” area). In the evening, return to capture the sunset at Shaman Rock. Note: Ice caves and formations are natural phenomena, and their appearance depends on weather, temperature, and sunlight conditions. Vehicles can only approach the ice when it is sufficiently stable in winter. Cape Harantsy While relatively unremarkable in summer, it becomes one of the most famous winter locations at Lake Baikal. The area features numerous ice caves, with frozen formations creating icicles and ice stalagmites, forming natural crystal-like caverns. Three Brothers Rock According to legend, a father turned his three sons into eagles on the condition that they must not eat meat. Tempted while flying over the lake, they broke the rule and were punished—transformed into stone forever. Cape Khoboy Considered by many locals as the “edge of the earth.” In winter, it features massive ice formations, but what truly fascinates visitors is not the size, but the unique colors reflected by the ice. The drifting ice glows with a magical, clear blue light. You can also explore ice caves adorned with hanging transparent icicles. Cape Burkhan (Shaman Rock) A sacred site for the Buryat people and shamanism. Visitors can see ritual stone cairns, ancient carvings along the lakeshore, and numerous ceremonial sites left by early inhabitants. Trees decorated with colorful ribbons are found throughout the island, and the famous shaman prayer poles are a must-see photography spot. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Picnic or packed meal Dinner: Russian-style cuisine Accommodation: Baikal View Hotel or Baikal Wood Hotel or similar

In the early morning, you may enjoy sunrise near the hotel at your leisure. After breakfast, begin an exploration of the diverse southern part of Olkhon Island. Small Sea (approx. 3.5 hours) Discover a completely different landscape from the northern route. Immerse yourself in the dreamlike frozen world of Lake Baikal, capturing stunning sights such as ice cracks, bubble ice, icicles, and ice caves. Along the way, pass a small isolated island that serves as a sacred place for shaman believers. A small stupa stands at its center, surrounded by colorful prayer ribbons fluttering in the wind, adding a mysterious atmosphere. A special ice fishing experience is also arranged. Using an ice drill to bore a hole, you may even catch fresh fish—one of the most enjoyable winter activities. At the Small Sea, you will see snow-covered ridges and extraordinary ice formations shaped by wind and freezing conditions. Ice covers the shoreline rocks and boulders, creating fascinating natural sculptures. Time seems to stand still in the crisp, cold air. Along the shore, large blue ice blocks sparkle like diamonds under the sunlight, while frozen waves form intricate silver-white patterns on the rocks. Ogoi Island One of the must-visit spots on the southern route. Its unique rock formations resemble an eagle with outstretched wings, as if ready to take flight. Many travelers enjoy photographing this dramatic scene, framed by the frozen lake surface and delicate web-like ice cracks. Bubble Ice The white bubbles trapped in the ice are actually methane gas. Due to organic deposits and anaerobic microorganisms at the lake bottom, methane is produced and rises through the water. Before reaching the surface, it becomes trapped and frozen within the ice layers, forming the iconic bubble ice patterns. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Picnic on the ice Dinner: Baikal-style cuisine at the hotel Accommodation: Baikal View Hotel or Baikal Wood Hotel or similar

Angara Riverside Enjoy a scenic walk along the Angara River. The Angara is 1,779 km long and flows through Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in southeastern Siberia, Russia. It is the only river flowing out of Lake Baikal and one of the main tributaries of the Yenisei River. Due to the hydroelectric power station built along the river, the Angara does not freeze even in winter. Along Gagarin Avenue, you will see landmarks such as the statue of Alexander III of Russia, the White House, and the Irkutsk Regional History Museum. The riverside area is a popular gathering place for local youth, and features a uniquely designed small performance platform on the water. Kazan Church (Kazan Cathedral) The Kazan Church is one of the most magnificent churches in Irkutsk and the entire Siberian region. It is said to be second in beauty only to St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow and the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg. It is also one of the must-visit attractions for international visitors in Irkutsk. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Buryat-style cuisine Dinner: Chinese cuisine + Beijing Roast Duck Accommodation: Irkutsk City Center by Eastland or Baikal Forest Hotel or similar

Lake Baikal (UNESCO World Heritage Site) Lake Baikal, known as the “Blue Eye of Siberia,” is the world’s deepest and largest freshwater lake by volume. Its waters are exceptionally clear with minimal impurities. Surrounded by mountains and pristine forests, the lake offers breathtaking scenery where water and sky blend seamlessly. Since ancient times—whether for indigenous peoples, Russians who arrived in the 17th century, or modern travelers—people have admired its vast, mysterious, and majestic beauty, often referring to it as the “Sacred Sea” or “Sacred Lake.” Its natural grandeur is beyond description and must be experienced in person. Listvyanka Listvyanka is a beautiful small town located at the southern tip of Lake Baikal. It is known as the “larch village,” with a population of about 20,000 and historically named for its mica resources. Air-Cushion Boat Cruise (approx. 1 hour) Experience an exciting ride over the frozen lake surface, gliding along the shoreline of Lake Baikal. This is one of the most mysterious and beautiful places in the world, offering stunning views of ice, snow, and the endless horizon. The journey begins from Listvyanka’s main pier and includes a visit to the source of the Angara River. Baikal Museum (Museum of Baikal Flora and Fauna) This ecological museum presents the natural history of Lake Baikal and humanity’s attempts to understand and interact with it. Exhibits include models and displays illustrating exploration efforts and the development of the region. Visitors can learn about the lake’s ecosystem, endemic species, and historical background in detail. Baikal Fish Market & Souvenir Market A lively local market where you can find smoked and pickled Omul fish, pine nuts, local fruits, handmade crafts, charoite stones, and Baikal jade—popular souvenirs from the region. Taltsy Ethnographic Museum An open-air wooden architecture museum set in a forest clearing. It recreates early settlements of Irkutsk, featuring traditional wooden houses, schools, churches, taverns, and administrative buildings, offering insight into the lifestyle of Russian and Buryat people in the past. Karl Marx Street & 130 Wooden Quarter Located in the city center of Irkutsk, this historic district includes dozens of preserved wooden houses. It is one of the most vibrant commercial areas, filled with restaurants, shops, and cafes. The architecture combines Baroque and traditional Russian wooden styles, making it a popular leisure and shopping destination for locals. Traditional Caucasian BBQ Dinner & Folk Show Enjoy a traditional Russian-style Caucasian barbecue dinner accompanied by live folk music and dance performances, offering an immersive cultural experience. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Omul fish set meal Dinner: Caucasian BBQ + traditional folk performance Accommodation: Novotel Ulaanbaatar or similar (overnight in Ulaanbaatar)

Chinggis Khaan Statue Complex Located in Erdene Soum, east of Ulaanbaatar, the Chinggis Khaan Statue Complex features a massive stainless-steel equestrian statue, one of the largest statues of Genghis Khan in the world. Inside the statue is a museum displaying valuable artifacts of Mongolian nomadic culture. An elevator inside the structure allows visitors to reach the observation platform at the horse’s head, where panoramic views of the vast surrounding grasslands can be enjoyed. Terelj National Park Gorkhi-Terelj National Park combines grasslands, forested mountains, unique rock formations, and flowing rivers. Traditional white ger (yurt) camps are scattered across the steppe, creating a picturesque landscape. Herds of cattle, sheep, and horses freely graze across the hills, offering one of the most beautiful countryside scenes near the capital. One of the park’s most famous landmarks is the “Turtle Rock,” from which visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of the surrounding natural scenery. Snow Horse Riding Experience (1 hour) Horses are the most important companions for Mongolian nomads and their primary means of transport. Accompanied by professional herders, you will ride across the snowy landscape and experience the spirit of the Mongolian Empire, once led by Genghis Khan across Eurasia. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel Lunch: Mongolian cuisine Dinner: Traditional Mongolian stone-grilled lamb (hot stone cooking) Accommodation: Terelj Lodge or similar ger camp (2 persons per yurt)

Turtle Rock, Camel Rock & “Pig-Dog Rock” Formation Gorkhi-Terelj National Park is home to unique natural rock formations such as Turtle Rock, Camel Rock, and the so-called “Pig-Dog Rock.” The area features rolling mountains, steep cliffs, lush pine forests, and clear rivers, creating a breathtaking natural landscape that feels like a fairyland. Snow Safari Dog Sledding Experience Experience an exciting dog sledding adventure pulled by 5–10 energetic Siberian huskies (depending on passenger weight). Each sled accommodates two passengers. The lead dog at the front follows commands from the musher, guiding the team through the snowy wilderness. Riding across the white snowfield with these lively and friendly huskies is an unforgettable experience. The ride lasts approximately 30–40 minutes and offers a thrilling sense of speed and freedom in the winter landscape. Cashmere Flagship Store Visit a Mongolian cashmere flagship store, where high-quality cashmere products are one of Mongolia’s most famous exports and are especially popular among European and American customers. Meals: Breakfast: At the ger camp Lunch: Korean BBQ or Mongolian cuisine Dinner: The Bull Chinese hotpot Accommodation: Novotel Ulaanbaatar or similar hotel

In the morning, transfer to the airport for your flight to Hong Kong. Upon arrival, proceed with the connecting flight back to Taipei. This marks the end of an unforgettable 12-day journey through Mongolia and Lake Baikal. Meals: Breakfast: Hotel breakfast box Lunch: In-flight light meal Dinner: N/A Accommodation: Home sweet home